NETWORKING-SUBNETTING

Hi guys.
I recently joined computer networking course name as CCNA.
This are some imp notes.

NETWORKING

IP has 32 bit long code of 4 segments.

Each segment of 8 bits.

First we should know that

TABLE=1

1000 0000=128

1100 0000=192

1110 0000=224

1111 0000=240

1111 1000=248

1111 1100=252

1111 1110=254

1111 1111=255

Presentation of IP according to network and host potion as follows:

192.168.10.0            /24

In above example /24 represents 24 bits present in network portion and remaining

32-24=8 bits in host portion.

CLASS –C

Now 192.168.10.0     /27     represents 27-24=3 bits of host portion converted to network portion.

So n=3

And h=(total bits in host portion-n)

          =8-3

          =5

Now subnet mask for class c examples will be 255.255.255.0 for network portion by default.

The last 0 represents 0000 0000.

Now from host portion we took 3 bits to network portion.

So 1110 0000 =>224

Therefore subnet mask will be 255.255.255.224

No. of subnet=2^n

                      =2^3

                      =8

No. of host/subnet=(2^h)-2

                             =(2^5)-2

                             =30

Block size=256-(host portion of subnet mask)

                 =256-224

                 =32

Subnet 1=>192.168.10.0

Host range=192.168.10.1-192.168.10.30

Broad cast=192.168.10.31

Subnet 2=>192.168.10.32

Host range=192.168.10.33-192.168.10.62

Broadcast=192.168.10.63

Subnet 3=>192.168.10.64

And so on.

CLASS B

Now 172.16.0.0     /17     represents 17-16=1 bits of host portion converted to network portion.

So n=1

And h=(total bits in host portion-n)

          =16-1

          =15

Now subnet mask for class b examples will be 255.255.0.0 for network portion by default.

The 0 represents 0000 0000.

Now from host portion we took 1 bit to network portion.

So 1000 0000 =>128

Therefore subnet mask will be 255.255.128.0

No. of subnet=2^n

                      =2^1

                      =2

No. of host/subnet=(2^h)-2

                             =(2^15)-2

                             =32766

Block size=256-(host portion of subnet mask)

                 =256-128

                 =128

Subnet 1=>172.16.0.0

Host range=172.16.0.1-172.16.127.254

Broad cast=172.16.127.255

Subnet 2=>172.16.128.0

Host range=172.16.128.1-172.16.255.254

Broadcast=172.16.255.255

And so on.

CLASS A

Now 10.0.0.0     /10     represents 10-8=2 bits of host portion converted to network portion.

So n=2

And h=(total bits in host portion-n)

          =24-2

          =22

Now subnet mask for class a examples will be 255.0.0.0 for network portion by default.

The 0 represents 0000 0000.

Now from host portion we took 1 bit to network portion.

So 1100 0000 =>192

Therefore subnet mask will be 255.192.0.0

No. of subnet=2^n

                      =2^2

                      =4

No. of host/subnet=(2^h)-2

                             =(2^22)-2

                             =4194302

Block size=256-(host portion of subnet mask)

                 =256-192

                 =64

Subnet 1=>10.0.0.0

Host range=10.0.0.1-10.63.255.254

Broad cast=10.63.255.255

Subnet 2=>10.64.0.0

Host range=10.64.0.1-10.127.255.254

Broadcast=10.127.255.255

Subnet 3=>10.128.0.0

And so on.