Saturday, October 22, 2011

NETWORKING-BASIC CONFIGURATION




        --- System Configuration Dialog ---

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n


Press RETURN to get started!



Router>enable ?
  <0-15>  Enable level
  view    Set into the existing view
  <cr>
Router>enable
Router#
Router#clock ?
  set  Set the time and date
Router#clock set ?
  hh:mm:ss  Current Time
Router#clock set 12:15:45 ?
  <1-31>  Day of the month
  MONTH   Month of the year
Router#clock set 12:15:45 12 October ?
  <1993-2035>  Year
Router#clock set 12:15:45 12 October 2011 ?
  <cr>
Router#clock set 12:15:45 12 October 2011
Router#
Router#configure terminal ?
  <cr>
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname ?
  WORD  This system's network name
Router(config)#hostname R1 ?
  <cr>
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#
R1(config)#interface ?
  Ethernet         IEEE 802.3
  FastEthernet     FastEthernet IEEE 802.3
  GigabitEthernet  GigabitEthernet IEEE 802.3z
  Loopback         Loopback interface
  Serial           Serial
  Tunnel           Tunnel interface
  Vlan             Catalyst Vlans
  range            interface range command
R1(config)#interface fastethernet ?
  <0-9>  FastEthernet interface number
R1(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0 ?
  <cr>
R1(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#
R1(config-if)#ip ?
  access-group        Specify access control for packets
  address             Set the IP address of an interface
  hello-interval      Configures IP-EIGRP hello interval
  helper-address      Specify a destination address for UDP broadcasts
  inspect             Apply inspect name
  ips                 Create IPS rule
  mtu                 Set IP Maximum Transmission Unit
  nat                 NAT interface commands
  ospf                OSPF interface commands
  split-horizon       Perform split horizon
  summary-address     Perform address summarization
  virtual-reassembly  Virtual Reassembly
R1(config-if)#ip address ?
  A.B.C.D  IP address
  dhcp     IP Address negotiated via DHCP
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 ?
  A.B.C.D  IP subnet mask
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ?
  <cr>
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#
R1(config-if)#no shutdown ?
  <cr>
R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#
R1(config-if)#exit ?
  <cr>
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#
R1(config)#line ?
  <0-81>   First Line number
  console  Primary terminal line
  vty      Virtual terminal
R1(config)#line console ?
  <0-0>  First Line number
R1(config)#line console 0 ?
  <cr>
R1(config)#line console 0
R1(config-line)#password ?
  7     Specifies a HIDDEN password will follow
  LINE  The UNENCRYPTED (cleartext) line password
R1(config-line)#password cisco ?
  <cr>
R1(config-line)#password cisco
R1(config-line)#
R1(config-line)#login ?
  authentication  authenticate using aaa method list
  local           Local password checking
  <cr>
R1(config-line)#login
R1(config-line)#
R1(config-line)#exec-timeout ?
  <0-35791>  Timeout in minutes
R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 ?
  <0-2147483>  Timeout in seconds
  <cr>
R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0 ?
  <cr>
R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
R1(config-line)#
R1(config-line)#logging ?
  synchronous   Synchronized message output
R1(config-line)#logging synchronous ?
  <cr>
R1(config-line)#logging synchronous
R1(config-line)#
R1(config-line)#exit ?
  <cr>
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#
R1(config)#enable ?
  password  Assign the privileged level password
  secret    Assign the privileged level secret
R1(config)#enable password ?
  7      Specifies a HIDDEN password will follow
  LINE   The UNENCRYPTED (cleartext) 'enable' password
  level  Set exec level password
R1(config)#enable password abc ?
  <cr>
R1(config)#enable password abc
R1(config)#
R1(config)#exit ?
  <cr>
R1(config)#exit
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#
R1#copy run startup ?
  <cr>
R1#copy run startup
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
R1#
R1#show start                                                              //_  _  _  _  _  _  _//
R1#
R1#show startup-config ?
  <cr>
R1#show startup-config                                                //_  _  _  _  _  _  _//
R1#
R1#configure terminal ?
  <cr>
R1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#enable ?
  password  Assign the privileged level password
  secret    Assign the privileged level secret
R1(config)#enable secret ?
  0      Specifies an UNENCRYPTED password will follow
  5      Specifies an ENCRYPTED secret will follow
  LINE   The UNENCRYPTED (cleartext) 'enable' secret
  level  Set exec level password
R1(config)#enable secret xyz ?
  <cr>
R1(config)#enable secret xyz
R1(config)#
R1(config)#service ?
  nagle                Enable Nagle's congestion control algorithm
  password-encryption  Encrypt system passwords
  timestamps           Timestamp debug/log messages
R1(config)#service password-encryption ?
  <cr>
R1(config)#service password-encryption
R1(config)#
R1(config)#line ?
  <0-81>   First Line number
  console  Primary terminal line
  vty      Virtual terminal
R1(config)#line vty ?
  <0-15>  First Line number
R1(config)#line vty 0 15 ?
  <cr>
R1(config)#line vty 0 15
R1(config-line)#
R1(config-line)#exit ?
  <cr>
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#
R1(config)#exit ?
  <cr>
R1(config)#exit
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#
R1#logout ?
  <cr>
R1#logout









R1 con0 is now available






Press RETURN to get started.













User Access Verification

Password:                                                                    //cisco

R1>
R1>enable ?
  <0-15>  Enable level
  view    Set into the existing view
  <cr>
R1>enable
Password:                                                                    //xyz
R1#
R1#show run ?
  <cr>
R1#show run
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 832 bytes
!
version 12.4
no service timestamps log datetime msec
no service timestamps debug datetime msec
service password-encryption
!
hostname R1
!
!
!
enable secret 5 $1$mERr$cKq9Gr5GyPyEKnmQ/jY4f0
enable password 7 08204E4D
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
ip name-server 0.0.0.0
!
!
!
!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 no ip address
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 shutdown
!
interface Serial1/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
!
interface Serial1/1
 no ip address
 shutdown
!
interface Serial1/2
 no ip address
 shutdown
!
interface Serial1/3
 no ip address
 shutdown
!
interface Vlan1
 no ip address
 shutdown
!
ip classless
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
 exec-timeout 0 0
 password 7 0822455D0A16
 logging synchronous
 login
line vty 0 4
 login
line vty 5 15
 login
!
!
!
end


R1#

Thursday, October 13, 2011

NETWORKING-SUBNETTING

Hi guys.
I recently joined computer networking course name as CCNA.
This are some imp notes.


NETWORKING

IP has 32 bit long code of 4 segments.
Each segment of 8 bits.

First we should know that

TABLE=1
1000 0000=128
1100 0000=192
1110 0000=224
1111 0000=240
1111 1000=248
1111 1100=252
1111 1110=254
1111 1111=255

Presentation of IP according to network and host potion as follows:

192.168.10.0            /24

In above example /24 represents 24 bits present in network portion and remaining
32-24=8 bits in host portion.

CLASS –C

Now 192.168.10.0     /27     represents 27-24=3 bits of host portion converted to network portion.
So n=3
And h=(total bits in host portion-n)
          =8-3
          =5

Now subnet mask for class c examples will be 255.255.255.0 for network portion by default.
The last 0 represents 0000 0000.
Now from host portion we took 3 bits to network portion.
So 1110 0000 =>224

Therefore subnet mask will be 255.255.255.224

No. of subnet=2^n
                      =2^3
                      =8
No. of host/subnet=(2^h)-2
                             =(2^5)-2
                             =30
Block size=256-(host portion of subnet mask)
                 =256-224
                 =32

Subnet 1=>192.168.10.0
Host range=192.168.10.1-192.168.10.30
Broad cast=192.168.10.31
Subnet 2=>192.168.10.32
Host range=192.168.10.33-192.168.10.62
Broadcast=192.168.10.63
Subnet 3=>192.168.10.64
And so on.

CLASS B

Now 172.16.0.0     /17     represents 17-16=1 bits of host portion converted to network portion.
So n=1
And h=(total bits in host portion-n)
          =16-1
          =15

Now subnet mask for class b examples will be 255.255.0.0 for network portion by default.
The 0 represents 0000 0000.
Now from host portion we took 1 bit to network portion.
So 1000 0000 =>128

Therefore subnet mask will be 255.255.128.0

No. of subnet=2^n
                      =2^1
                      =2
No. of host/subnet=(2^h)-2
                             =(2^15)-2
                             =32766
Block size=256-(host portion of subnet mask)
                 =256-128
                 =128


Subnet 1=>172.16.0.0
Host range=172.16.0.1-172.16.127.254
Broad cast=172.16.127.255
Subnet 2=>172.16.128.0
Host range=172.16.128.1-172.16.255.254
Broadcast=172.16.255.255
And so on.


CLASS A

Now 10.0.0.0     /10     represents 10-8=2 bits of host portion converted to network portion.
So n=2
And h=(total bits in host portion-n)
          =24-2
          =22

Now subnet mask for class a examples will be 255.0.0.0 for network portion by default.
The 0 represents 0000 0000.
Now from host portion we took 1 bit to network portion.
So 1100 0000 =>192

Therefore subnet mask will be 255.192.0.0

No. of subnet=2^n
                      =2^2
                      =4
No. of host/subnet=(2^h)-2
                             =(2^22)-2
                             =4194302
Block size=256-(host portion of subnet mask)
                 =256-192
                 =64


Subnet 1=>10.0.0.0
Host range=10.0.0.1-10.63.255.254
Broad cast=10.63.255.255
Subnet 2=>10.64.0.0
Host range=10.64.0.1-10.127.255.254
Broadcast=10.127.255.255
Subnet 3=>10.128.0.0
And so on.